In an extraordinary discovery during an October 2024 expedition, the National Geographic Pristine Seas team identified the world’s largest coral colony, located off the coast of the Solomon Islands, a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Spanning an impressive 112 by 105 feet, this massive coral colony is so large it can even be seen from space. It is made up of nearly a billion genetically identical coral polyps working together as a single organism. The discovery was almost missed; it was found just the night before the research team was set to leave the area.
Initially mistaken for a shipwreck, the coral was spotted by cinematographer Manu San Félix, who dove to investigate further. This newly identified mega-coral, scientifically known as Pavona clavus, is a type of hard coral that forms large, shoulder-like columns. The colony is believed to be around 300 years old, with its expansive size making it one of the most remarkable natural structures on Earth. The coral has witnessed historical events over its long life, from the signing of the Declaration of Independence to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Despite its immense size and relatively healthy state, scientists remain concerned about the future of coral reefs worldwide due to the threats posed by climate change, overfishing, and pollution. Corals are highly sensitive to temperature and acidity changes in the water, which are exacerbated by global warming. This discovery offers a glimmer of hope for the survival of coral reefs, especially in the deeper, cooler waters where this colony thrives, protected from the worst effects of environmental stress.
The researchers are optimistic that the sheer size and resilience of the colony could inspire further conservation efforts. The discovery has already fueled local efforts to push for greater protection of the Solomon Islands’ waters, which have been informally safeguarded by local communities for over 14 years. With just 8.4 percent of the ocean under official protection, National Geographic experts stress the urgency of creating marine protected areas to safeguard such wonders for future generations. The discovery serves as a reminder of the beauty and resilience of marine life, while also underscoring the urgent need to address the ongoing climate crisis that threatens coral ecosystems worldwide.
